New Kinds of Science
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'''Science''' is an enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world. Traditionally we use mathematics to explain the physical world, which means theorems, equations, formulas and calculation. So there is a physical universe, and a mathematical universe, and both can be connected in a meaningful way with each other. Each science has its "own universe" which it tries to describe: | '''Science''' is an enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world. Traditionally we use mathematics to explain the physical world, which means theorems, equations, formulas and calculation. So there is a physical universe, and a mathematical universe, and both can be connected in a meaningful way with each other. Each science has its "own universe" which it tries to describe: | ||
| - | + | {| class="wikitable" border="1" | |
| - | + | |- | |
| - | + | ! Science | |
| - | + | ! studies worlds made by .. | |
| - | + | |- | |
| - | + | | Physics and Natural Science | |
| - | + | | ..atoms (physical or natural universe) | |
| - | + | |- | |
| - | + | | Biology | |
| + | | ..cells | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Neuroscience | ||
| + | | ..neurons | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Economics | ||
| + | | ..markets | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Sociology | ||
| + | | ..humans | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Mathematics | ||
| + | | ..numbers (abstract world of numbers and logic quantities) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Philosophy and Humanities | ||
| + | | ..words (abstract world of thoughts and ideas) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
While the natural sciences consider worlds made by atoms, the humanities, esp. linguistics and philosophy, consider worlds made by words. Psychology is an interesting case somewhere in between culture and nature. | While the natural sciences consider worlds made by atoms, the humanities, esp. linguistics and philosophy, consider worlds made by words. Psychology is an interesting case somewhere in between culture and nature. | ||
