Emergence
From CasGroup
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* Multiple: 3 levels of abstraction, a third level of abstraction indicates the appearance of a new system | * Multiple: 3 levels of abstraction, a third level of abstraction indicates the appearance of a new system | ||
* Strong: 4 levels of abstraction, two causally independent levels of abstraction, each with two causally interdependent levels of abstraction | * Strong: 4 levels of abstraction, two causally independent levels of abstraction, each with two causally interdependent levels of abstraction | ||
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| + | While the higher level of abstraction emerges from the lower level, the lower level implements the details of the higher level. Russ Abbott has argued in "The reductionist blind spot" that the best way to understand emergence is through the lens of '''implementation''' - emergent properties can be described as a high level abstraction which is implemented by low level elements. The lower level of abstraction implements the higher level. In this sense, weak emergence means the implementation of a feature (by a small number of rules), while strong emergence means the implementation of a new system (by a large number of rules). | ||
=== 1. Simple/Nominal Emergence (Type I) === | === 1. Simple/Nominal Emergence (Type I) === | ||
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* [http://arxiv.org/abs/0707.4198 Reductionism, emergence, and levels of abstractions] | * [http://arxiv.org/abs/0707.4198 Reductionism, emergence, and levels of abstractions] | ||
* [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0602045 Emergence Explained], also [http://cs.calstatela.edu/wiki/images/9/95/Emergence_Explained-_Abstractions.pdf here] | * [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0602045 Emergence Explained], also [http://cs.calstatela.edu/wiki/images/9/95/Emergence_Explained-_Abstractions.pdf here] | ||
| + | * [http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00004540/ The reductionist blind spot] | ||
David J. Chalmers | David J. Chalmers | ||
