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'''Emergent entities''' are properties, patterns or substances which 'arise' out of more fundamental entities through an [[Emergence|emergence]] process. A property of a system is emergent, if it is not a property of any fundamental element. 

: "Emergent properties are collective properties, which means they are properties of collections, not properties of individual parts. The cause can often be traced back to the interactions between the parts of which a system is made." ~ Raima Larter

Emergent entities are not reducible. Although they arise out of more fundamental items, they are 'novel' or 'irreducible' with respect to them. Emergent properties are dependent on underlying processes, and yet independent from underlying processes. This is the paradox of emergence.

The difference between the different terms is:

* '''Emergent Property''': A property of a system is emergent, if it is not a property of any fundamental element. If a property is not necessary (or does not appear) in the description of all properties of the fundamental elements, elementary actors or basic building blocks, it can only be an emergent property.

* '''Emergence''': Emergence is the appearance of emergent properties on a higher level of organization without central organizer. It can be observed in complex systems due to the pattern of interactions between the elements of a system over time.

* '''Entity''': Emergent properties lead to the appearance of new entities and objects on a larger scale. They play an important role in the definition of general terms like being, entity and substance. Russ Abbott defined an entity as follows: "An aggregation counts as an entity if it has emergent properties", see his talk [http://abbott.calstatela.edu/PapersAndTalks/EmergenceAndEntities.pdf Emergence and Entities]

== Agent based Models ==

The basic [[Agent-Based Model|agent-based model]]s explain the emergence of fundamental properties:

* [[Boids Model]]: swarms 
* [[Dissemination Model]]: culture
* [[Segregation Model]]: ghettos and segregation
* [[Tribute Model]]: power
* [[El_Farol_Bar_Model|El Farol Bar Model]]: chaos

== Links ==

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/ Emergent Properties] at SEP
* Talk from Russ Abbott about [http://abbott.calstatela.edu/PapersAndTalks/EmergenceAndEntities.pdf Emergence and Entities]