Jfromm at 21:27, 22 February 2011

2011-02-22T21:27:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:27, 22 February 2011
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	Obligations, Conformity, Innovation, Association, Agreement, Acceptance, Refusal,		Obligations, Conformity, Innovation, Association, Agreement, Acceptance, Refusal,
	Illusion, Consequence.		Illusion, Consequence.

			Certain agent interaction patterns can trigger certain [[Emotion\|emotions]] if
			they match [[Core_relational_theme\|core relational theme]].

	== Beliefs ==		== Beliefs ==

Jfromm at 16:27, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T16:27:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:27, 31 December 2008
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	== Organized Actions ==		== Organized Actions ==

			=== Imitation ===

			Imitation is an advanced form of behavior where an agent observes
			another's behavior and replicates, reproduces or copies it. It is often
			said to be the mechanism of memetic [[Evolution\|evolution]], just as
			replication and reproduction are the mechanisms of genetic evolution.

			IMITATION one agent copies or replicates the behavior of another

	=== Swarm ===		=== Swarm ===

	A swarm is a moving crowd: a large number of agents moving in the same direction.		A swarm is a moving crowd: a large number of agents moving in the same direction.
			It is an imitation of movement.

	=== Usage ===		=== Usage ===
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	to attain ideal or material advantages for its active members."		to attain ideal or material advantages for its active members."
	(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 3.18).		(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 3.18).

	~~== Imitation ==~~

	~~Imitation is an advanced form of behavior where an agent observes~~
	~~another's behavior and replicates, reproduces or copies it. It is often~~
	~~said to be the mechanism of memetic [[Evolution\|evolution]], just as~~
	~~replication and reproduction are the mechanisms of genetic evolution.~~

	~~IMITATION one agent copies or replicates the behavior of another~~

	== Process ==		== Process ==

Jfromm at 16:25, 31 December 2008

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	a joint, common goal.		a joint, common goal.
	COOPERATION Two or more agents work together for a common end, purpose or goal		COOPERATION Two or more agents work together for a common end, purpose or goal

	~~== Freedom ==~~
	~~FREEDOM Chance of an agent to realize the own goals, the ability of an agent to act without externally imposed restraints~~

	== Power ==		== Power ==
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	(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology). Power expands the ability of some agents to make significant changes in the system.		(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology). Power expands the ability of some agents to make significant changes in the system.
	POWER Chance of an agent to realize the own goals in a social action even against the resistance of others agents		POWER Chance of an agent to realize the own goals in a social action even against the resistance of others agents

			=== Freedom ===
			FREEDOM Chance of an agent to realize the own goals, the ability of an agent to act without externally imposed restraints

			The more power an agent has, the greater the personal freedom. The more power other agents have (especially officials), the smaller the personal freedom of an agent.

	=== Authority ===		=== Authority ===

Jfromm: /* Swarm */

2008-12-31T16:22:54Z

Swarm

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	=== Swarm ===		=== Swarm ===

	A swarm is a moving crowd: a ~~group~~ of agents moving in the same direction.		A swarm is a moving crowd: a large number of agents moving in the same direction.

	=== Usage ===		=== Usage ===

Jfromm: /* Organized Actions */

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Organized Actions

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	== Organized Actions ==		== Organized Actions ==

			=== Swarm ===

			A swarm is a moving crowd: a group of agents moving in the same direction.

	=== Usage ===		=== Usage ===

Jfromm: New page: Many abstract social concepts become concrete, observable and measurable phenomena in Multi-Agent Systems. They concern the basic types of social relationships and interaction patter...

2008-12-31T16:07:35Z

New page: Many abstract social concepts become concrete, observable and measurable phenomena in Multi-Agent Systems. They concern the basic types of social relationships and interaction patter...

New page

Many abstract social concepts become concrete, observable and measurable
phenomena in [[Multi-Agent System]]s. They concern the basic types of social
relationships and interaction patterns. Max Weber for example defined power,
authority, discipline, etc. in concrete terms of social interactions among persons
and actors (i.e. individual [[Agent|agents]]). Other examples for abstract social
and sociological terms which have a concrete, measurable meaning in [[Multi-Agent System]]s are:
Power, Freedom, Authority, Domination, Charisma, Discipline, Peace,
Solidarity, Commitment, Progress, Conflict, Resolution, Resistance, Rights,
Obligations, Conformity, Innovation, Association, Agreement, Acceptance, Refusal,
Illusion, Consequence.

== Beliefs ==

=== Trust ===
Trust is closely related to reputation and usually based on experience and recommendation. It makes social life predictable, creates a sense of community, makes it easier for agents to work together.
TRUST Belief by one agent that the behavior of another agent towards it is benevolent and honest

=== Reputation ===
Reputation is associated with popularity and represents the general opinion of an agent society about an agent. It is based
on the general estimation and evaluation of his characteristics, capabilities and usefulness.

REPUTATION Reputation is the belief of an evaluating agent about another agent's usefulness with regard to a certain goal

=== Charisma ===
"A certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is "set apart" from
ordinary people and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically
exceptional powers or qualities. These as such are not accessible to the ordinary person, but
are regarded as divine in origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual
concerned is treated as a leader" (Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap. 3.10).
Charisma is unfortunately often based on the blaming of others or on clever manipulation
of the group, for example by appealing to collective emotions of a larger group
of agents.

CHARISMA Property of an agent which increases the belief in other agents that he is a suitable leader.
Ability of an agent to draw the attention and admiration of other agents.

== Organized Actions ==

=== Usage ===

"If an orientation toward social action occurs regularly, it will be called 'usage' (Brauch)
insofar as the probability of its existence within a group is based on nothing but actual practice."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap. 1.4).

=== Custom ===

"A usage will be called 'custom' (Sitte) if the practice is based upon long standing".
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap. 1.4).

=== Convention ===

"An order will be called a 'convention' so far as its validity is externally guaranteed by
the probability that deviation from it within a given social group will result in a
relatively general and practically significant reaction of disapproval."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap. 1.6).

=== Law ===

"An order will be called a 'law' if it is externally guaranteed by the probability that
physical or psychological coercion will be applied by a staff or people in order to
bring about compliance or avenge violoation."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap. 1.6).

== Relationship ==

Max Weber says "The term social relationship will be used to designate the situation
where two or more persons are engaged in conduct wherein each takes account of the
behavior of the other in a meaningful way and is therefore oriented in these terms.
The social relationship consists entirely of the probability that individuals
will behave in some meaningfully determinable way" (Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology).
It is the probability that a certain type of behavior takes place on the average.

RELATIONSHIP A relationship is the probability that agents will behave in some specific way towards each other.

Weber says further that the relationship can be symmetrical or asymmetrical,
and it can be of a transitory nature or of varying degrees of permanence.

=== Solidarity ===

=== Loyalty ===

=== Friendship ===

=== Hostility ===

=== Conflict ===
"A social relationship will be referred to as 'conflict' insofar as action is oriented intentionally to carrying
out the actor's own will against the resistance of the other party or parties."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 1.8). A conflict is caused by opposing or contrasting goals,
for example by a competition. A conflict is more abstract than a STRUGGLE and characterizes the general
state or situation of the whole group. As Weber emphasized, there are many cases of conflicts, from the
violent, unlimited and unregulated STRUGGLE to peaceful and regulated COMPETITION.
CONFLICT A conflict is a state of opposition, disagreement or incompatibility between two or more agents or groups of agents

=== Struggle ===
"A social relationship will be called a struggle insofar as the behavior of one party is oriented
purposefully toward making his own will prevail against the resistance of other parties or another party".
(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology). A struggle is more concrete than a CONFLICT and characterizes
the concrete process of a fight.
STRUGGLE Relationship between agents where the behavior of one agents is oriented
purposefully toward making their own will prevail against the resistance of other agents

=== Competition ===
"A peaceful struggle is called competition if it is carried on as a formally peaceful attempt
to control over opportunities and advantages which are also coveted by others"
(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology)
COMPETITION In a competition, two or more agents each have mutually inconsistent goals, so that when either
agent tries to reach its goal it will undermine the attempts of the other to reach theirs

=== Cooperation ===
Cooperation can be considered as the opposite or antithesis to COMPETITION.
In a COMPETITION, agents have mutually inconsistent goals, in a cooperation,
agents have the same goal, they work together in a COmon OPERATION to achieve
a joint, common goal.
COOPERATION Two or more agents work together for a common end, purpose or goal

== Freedom ==
FREEDOM Chance of an agent to realize the own goals, the ability of an agent to act without externally imposed restraints

== Power ==
"Power is the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry
out his own will despite resistance, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 1.16). It is related to DOMINATION, Weber originally
distinguishes between "Macht" (power) and "Herrschaft" (domination).
"By power is meant every opportunity existing within a social relationship which permits one to
carry out one's own will even against resistance and regardless of the basis on which this opportunity rests."
(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology). Power expands the ability of some agents to make significant changes in the system.
POWER Chance of an agent to realize the own goals in a social action even against the resistance of others agents

=== Authority ===
AUTHORITY Degree of legitimacy, justification and rights (due to law, tradition or charisma) of an agent to exercise power

=== Domination ===
"Domination is the probability that a command with a given specific content will be obeyed by a
given group of persons" (Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 1.16). Weber originally
uses the term "Herrschaft" meaning lordship, leadership, governance, dominion and dominance.
"By domination is meant the opportunity to have a command of a specified content obeyed by a given group of persons"
(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology)
DOMINATION Probability that a command of an agent with a given specific content will be
obeyed by a given group of agents

=== Discipline ===
"By 'discipline' will be meant the opportunity to obtain prompt, and automatic obedience in a predictable form
from a given group of persons because of their practical orientation toward a command."
(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology)
DISCIPLINE Degree of agreement between learned agent behavior obtained by training intended to
produce a specific pattern of behavior, and the real agent behavior

== Organization ==
"An organization is a system of continuous activity pursuing a goal of a specified kind"
(Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology). Organization is a very broad and general concept.
It is commonly used for a group of agents where the rules and regulations are enforced by
specific individuals.
"A social relationship which is either closed or limits the admission of outsiders will be
called an organization when its regulations are enforced by specific individuals: a chief and,
possibly, an administrative staff, which normally also has representative powers."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 1.12). Often organization is used in the
sense of formal organization. "An association with a continuously and rationally operating
staff will be called a formal organization". (Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 1.15)

ORGANIZATION A group of agents pursuing a goal of a specified kind, where the rules are enforced by specific agents

=== Enterprise ===
"Continuous rational activity of a specified kind will be called an enterprise."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 1.15). An enterprise is closely related to
an ORGANIZATION, but does not necessarily contain a continuously and rationally
operating staff.
ENTERPRISE Continuous activity of a specified kind for a group of agents guided by rational rules

=== Association ===
"An organization which claims authority only over voluntary members will be
called a voluntary association (Verein)".
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 1.15).

=== Party ===
"The term 'party' will be employed to designate associations, membership in
which rests on formally free recruitment. The end to which its activity is
devoted is to secure power within an organization for its leaders in order
to attain ideal or material advantages for its active members."
(Max Weber, Economy and Society, Chap 3.18).

== Imitation ==

Imitation is an advanced form of behavior where an agent observes
another's behavior and replicates, reproduces or copies it. It is often
said to be the mechanism of memetic [[Evolution|evolution]], just as
replication and reproduction are the mechanisms of genetic evolution.

IMITATION one agent copies or replicates the behavior of another

== Process ==
Process is a very broad term. In general, it means
a naturally occurring or designed sequence of changes
of properties/attributes of a system/object.
PROCESS In a MAS a process is a naturally occurring course of agent actions or
designed sequence of agent operations which produces some outcome

== Good vs. Bad ==

Related to "Virtue/Vice" duality. Only makes sense in a certain context.
The spectrum of good vs. bad actions characterizes the degree of usefulness of an
action for a specific group, community or society.

GOOD/BAD An action of an agent is good/bad for a specific group of agents if it
has constructive/destructive (desirable/undesirable) effects on the group

Agent interaction pattern - Revision history

Jfromm at 21:27, 22 February 2011

Jfromm at 16:27, 31 December 2008

Jfromm at 16:25, 31 December 2008

Jfromm: /* Swarm */

Jfromm: /* Organized Actions */

Jfromm: New page: Many abstract social concepts become concrete, observable and measurable phenomena in Multi-Agent Systems. They concern the basic types of social relationships and interaction patter...