Swarm Intelligence - Revision history

Jfromm: /* Advantages and drawbacks */

2012-05-13T18:56:58Z

Advantages and drawbacks

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	yourself, and even if you do, in the interesting cases you		yourself, and even if you do, in the interesting cases you
	don't know exactly why it has become this way.		don't know exactly why it has become this way.

			Perhaps swarm intelligence would be less mysterious and
			fascinating if we could perceive the language which is
			used to control it directly, for example if we could
			perceive the odors and chemicals directly which are used
			by ants for communication. Unlike ants we do not communicate
			with chemicals.

	== Scientists and Labs ==		== Scientists and Labs ==

Jfromm: /* Examples */

2012-05-13T18:55:24Z

Examples

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	it also exploits it much faster than any individual		it also exploits it much faster than any individual

	The coordination relies often on a kind of language.		The coordination relies often on a kind of language, although it can be an unusual one.
	Honeybees perform a dance on their return to the hive, known as bee dance or waggle dance.		Honeybees perform a dance on their return to the hive, known as bee dance or waggle dance.
	The information contained in this "dance language" is used to select a new nest site or to		The information contained in this "dance language" is used to select a new nest site or to

Jfromm: /* Articles */

2012-02-07T21:42:09Z

Articles

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	* Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology], [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Part II: Dynamic Topology], 2003		* Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology], [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Part II: Dynamic Topology], 2003
	* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995		* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995
			* Andrea Perna et al., [http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.5827 Individual rules for trail pattern formation in Argentine ants (Linepithema humile)], http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.5827

	Dance languages and nest site search of honey bees		Dance languages and nest site search of honey bees

Jfromm: /* Links */

2011-03-06T14:38:25Z

Links

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	* Wikipedia entry for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour swarm behaviour]		* Wikipedia entry for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour swarm behaviour]
	* Wikipedia entry for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_animal_behaviour ~~Collective~~ animal behaviour]		* Wikipedia entry for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_animal_behaviour collective animal behaviour]

	[[Category:Basic Principles]] [[Category:Collective Processes]]		[[Category:Basic Principles]] [[Category:Collective Processes]]

Jfromm: /* Articles */

2011-03-06T14:38:04Z

Articles

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	* Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43.		* Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43.
	* G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.		* G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.
	* Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology], [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Part II: Dynamic Topology]		* Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology], [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Part II: Dynamic Topology], 2003
	2003
	* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995		* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995

Jfromm: /* Articles */

2011-03-06T14:37:38Z

Articles

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	* Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43.		* Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43.
	* G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.		* G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.
	* Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology], [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html ~~Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents~~ Part II: Dynamic Topology]		* Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology], [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Part II: Dynamic Topology]
	2003		2003
	* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995		* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995

Jfromm: /* Articles */

2011-03-06T14:37:18Z

Articles

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	* Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43.		* Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43.
	* G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.		* G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.
	* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology]		* Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology], [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents Part II: Dynamic Topology]
	~~Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas~~, ~~2003~~		2003
	* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents Part II: Dynamic Topology]
	~~Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas,~~ 2003
	* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995		* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995

Jfromm: /* Articles */

2011-03-06T14:36:35Z

Articles

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	Many articles and resources can be found [http://dsp.jpl.nasa.gov/members/payman/swarm/ here].		Many articles and resources can be found [http://dsp.jpl.nasa.gov/members/payman/swarm/ here].

	G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.		* Ashley J.W. Ward et al., [http://www.pnas.org/content/108/6/2312.full Fast and accurate decisions through collective vigilance in fish shoals], PNAS Vol. 108 No. 6 (2011) 2312-2315
			* Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43.
	[http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology]		* G. Beni and U. Wang, ''Swarm intelligence in cellular robotic systems'', In NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems, Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 1989.
			* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/tanner03stable.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents, Part I: Fixed Topology]
	Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, 2003		Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, 2003
			* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents Part II: Dynamic Topology]
	[http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/563430.html Stable Flocking of Mobile Agents Part II: Dynamic Topology]
	Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, 2003		Herbert G. Tanner, Ali Jadbabaie and George J. Pappas, 2003
			* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995
	[http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mataric95designing.html Designing and Understanding Adaptive Group Behavior] Maja J. Mataric, 1995

	Dance languages and nest site search of honey bees		Dance languages and nest site search of honey bees

Jfromm: /* Forms and Relations */

2011-03-06T14:11:52Z

Forms and Relations

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	[[Image:swarm_intelligence_and_stigmergy.png\|left\|thumb\|400px\|Swarm-Formation vs. Swarm-Intelligence]]		[[Image:swarm_intelligence_and_stigmergy.png\|left\|thumb\|400px\|Swarm-Formation vs. Swarm-Intelligence]]

	There are two basic forms of swarm intelligence: (1) swarm-formation and (2) stigmergy. The term swarm-formation describes the first basic form of swarm intelligence and characterizes the creation of swarms, flocks or groups by direct interaction, as it can be observed in flocks of birds, schoals of fish, etc. The rules are simple: stay close to the group, but don't come too close to individuals. The principle of swarm formation is based on a distinction between global and local, group and agent, swarm and individual: global attraction (move towards the group) combined with local repulsion (stay aways from individuals).		There are two basic forms of swarm intelligence: (1) swarm-formation and (2) stigmergy. The term swarm-formation describes the first basic form of swarm intelligence and characterizes the creation of swarms, [[Flocking\|flocks]] or groups by direct interaction, as it can be observed in flocks of birds, schoals of fish, etc. The rules are simple: stay close to the group, but don't come too close to individuals. The principle of swarm formation is based on a distinction between global and local, group and agent, swarm and individual: global attraction (move towards the group) combined with local repulsion (stay aways from individuals). It can be described by the [[Boids_Model\|boids model]] of Craig Reynolds.

	[[Stigmergy]] is the second basic form of swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence and [[Stigmergy\|stigmergy]] are often used synonymously and describe swarms and groups which are controlled by indirect interaction over the environment, for example in ant colonies. Ant colonies and other social insects use pheromones and scents to communicate with each other. This form of volatile communication allows the dynamic construction of trails for foraging, and enable a good trade-off between [[Exploitation_and_Exploration\|exploitation and exploration]] of food sources in the surrounding environment.		[[Stigmergy]] is the second basic form of swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence and [[Stigmergy\|stigmergy]] are often used synonymously and describe swarms and groups which are controlled by indirect interaction over the environment, for example in ant colonies. Ant colonies and other social insects use pheromones and scents to communicate with each other. This form of volatile communication allows the dynamic construction of trails for foraging, and enable a good trade-off between [[Exploitation_and_Exploration\|exploitation and exploration]] of food sources in the surrounding environment.

Jfromm at 14:07, 6 March 2011

2011-03-06T14:07:57Z

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	'''Swarm Intelligence''' is a form of [[Collective Intelligence\|collective intelligence]] in swarms. It is a general term of the flexible, adaptive and collective behavior found in swarms, flocks, herds and other groups of social animals, especially for social insects such as ants, termites, locusts, wasps, and honey bees. Examples of systems with swarm intelligence can be found in all kind of animal groups: schools of fish, flocks of birds, herds of land animals.		'''Swarm Intelligence''' is a form of [[Collective Intelligence\|collective intelligence]] in [[Swarm\|swarms]]. It is a general term of the flexible, adaptive and collective behavior found in swarms, flocks, herds and other groups of social animals, especially for social insects such as ants, termites, locusts, wasps, and honey bees. Examples of systems with swarm intelligence can be found in all kind of animal groups: schools of fish, flocks of birds, herds of land animals.

	[[Image:SwarmIntelligence.png\|thumb\|500px\|Swarm-Intelligence in relation to stigmergy, swarm-formation and emergence]]		[[Image:SwarmIntelligence.png\|thumb\|500px\|Swarm-Intelligence in relation to stigmergy, swarm-formation and emergence]]
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	* Mitchel Resnick, ''Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds'' (1997) The MIT Press, ISBN 0262181622		* Mitchel Resnick, ''Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds'' (1997) The MIT Press, ISBN 0262181622

			== Links ==

			* Wikipedia entry for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour swarm behaviour]
			* Wikipedia entry for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_animal_behaviour Collective animal behaviour]

	[[Category:Basic Principles]] [[Category:Collective Processes]]		[[Category:Basic Principles]] [[Category:Collective Processes]]