Collective Intelligence
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== Historic Developments == | == Historic Developments == | ||
| - | Collective intelligence can be found in all animal groups. Among humans it has existed since the first humans appeared on earth. Tribes of hunter-gatherers, ancient cultures, modern nations, and large corporations all act collectively with varying degrees of intelligence. New communication technologies now have enabled new forms of collective intelligence. Today the internet allows a huge number of people all over the world to work together on a single project. Wikipedia is the best example for such a distributed collaboration. | + | Collective and [[Swarm Intelligence|swarm intelligence]] can be found in all animal groups, even among insects, one of the most ancient animal types. Among humans it has existed since the first humans appeared on earth. Tribes of hunter-gatherers, ancient cultures, modern nations, and large corporations all act collectively with varying degrees of intelligence. New communication technologies now have enabled new forms of collective intelligence. Today the internet allows a huge number of people all over the world to work together on a single project. Wikipedia is the best example for such a distributed collaboration. |
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| + | Followers in a [[Social_network|social network]] can form a kind of [[Hive mind|hive mind]], an emergent property of apparent sentience that arises from the behaviors of a group of individuals which share a certain interest. Such a group can react faster and may have deeper knowledge than any individual. | ||
== Advantages of the Collective == | == Advantages of the Collective == | ||
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=== More resources and deeper knowledge === | === More resources and deeper knowledge === | ||
| - | A large group has access to more information, more resources and deeper knowledge, especially if the diversity of the group is high and there are a large number of different experts in the group. Key factors for collective intelligence are diversity, independence, and decentralization. | + | A large group has access to more information, more resources and deeper knowledge, especially if the diversity of the group is high and there are a large number of different experts in the group. This advantage is used in [[Crowd|crowdsourcing]]. Key factors for collective intelligence are diversity, independence, and decentralization. |
== Articles == | == Articles == | ||
| - | * Ashley J.W. Ward et al., [http://www.pnas.org/content/108/6/2312.full Fast and accurate decisions through collective vigilance in fish shoals], PNAS Vol. 108 No. 6 (2011) 2312-2315, | + | * Ashley J.W. Ward et al., [http://www.pnas.org/content/108/6/2312.full Fast and accurate decisions through collective vigilance in fish shoals], PNAS Vol. 108 No. 6 (2011) 2312-2315 |
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| + | * Iain D. Couzin, [http://www.princeton.edu/~icouzin/Couzin2009.pdf Collective cognition in animal groups], Trends Cogn Sci 13 (2009) 36–43. | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
