Swarm Intelligence
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There are two basic forms of swarm intelligence: (1) swarm-formation and (2) stigmergy. The term swarm-formation describes the first basic form of swarm intelligence and characterizes the creation of swarms, flocks or groups by direct interaction, as it can be observed in flocks of birds, schoals of fish, etc. The rules are simple: stay close to the group, but don't come too close to individuals. The principle of swarm formation is based on a distinction between global and local, group and agent, swarm and individual: global attraction (move towards the group) combined with local repulsion (stay aways from individuals). | There are two basic forms of swarm intelligence: (1) swarm-formation and (2) stigmergy. The term swarm-formation describes the first basic form of swarm intelligence and characterizes the creation of swarms, flocks or groups by direct interaction, as it can be observed in flocks of birds, schoals of fish, etc. The rules are simple: stay close to the group, but don't come too close to individuals. The principle of swarm formation is based on a distinction between global and local, group and agent, swarm and individual: global attraction (move towards the group) combined with local repulsion (stay aways from individuals). | ||
| - | [[Stigmergy]] is the second basic form of swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence and [[Stigmergy|stigmergy]] are often used synonymously and describe swarms and groups which are controlled by indirect interaction over the environment, for example in [[ | + | [[Stigmergy]] is the second basic form of swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence and [[Stigmergy|stigmergy]] are often used synonymously and describe swarms and groups which are controlled by indirect interaction over the environment, for example in ant colonies. Ant colonies and other social insects use pheromones and scents to communicate with each other. This form of volatile communication allows the dynamic construction of trails for foraging, and enable a good trade-off between [[Exploitation_and_Exploration|exploitation and exploration]] of food sources in the surrounding environment. |
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| + | Both forms can be considered as a case of emergence. [[Emergence|Emergence]] is the general term which describes the appearance of macroscopic phenomena out of mircoscopic interactions. | ||
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
