Iteration

Iteration is related to feedback, it is the mathematical counterpart of feedback:

"Iteration is the mathematical counterpart of feedback. Feedback in general is any response to something sent out. In mathematics, that translates as "what goes out comes back in again." It is output that returns to serve as input. In temporal processes, feedback is that part of the past that influences the present, or that part of the present that influences the future. Positive feedback amplifies or accelerates the output. It causes an event to become magnified over time. Negative feedback dampens or inhibits output, or causes an event to die away over time. Feedback shows up in climate, biology, electrical engineering, and probably in most other fields in which processes continue over time." (from Chaos Theory Tamed by G. P. Williams)