Feedback
From CasGroup
(→Types and Forms) |
(→Positive and Negative Feedback) |
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characterizes a process in which part of the output of a system is | characterizes a process in which part of the output of a system is | ||
returned (fed back) to its input in order to regulate its further | returned (fed back) to its input in order to regulate its further | ||
| - | output. If the output becomes part of the input or changes the further | + | output. It describes a recursive process. |
| + | If the output becomes part of the input or changes the further | ||
ouput, and the flow of information is closed, a feedback loop has been | ouput, and the flow of information is closed, a feedback loop has been | ||
established. In a feedback loop the output of a system is sent continuously | established. In a feedback loop the output of a system is sent continuously | ||
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=== Positive and Negative Feedback === | === Positive and Negative Feedback === | ||
| - | '''Negative feedback''' means a higher output | + | '''Negative feedback''' means a higher output reduces further input. |
| - | reduces further input. | + | Negative feedback loops are balancing, regulating and stabilizing. |
| + | They oppose any direction of change which is imposed on the | ||
| + | system. Negative feedback results in robust and stable systems, | ||
leveling of differences and equalization or stabilization in general, | leveling of differences and equalization or stabilization in general, | ||
| - | and can be used to regain equilibrium. In mathematics this | + | and can be used to regain equilibrium. In mathematics this kind of |
| - | kind of behavior towards a limt or fixed equilibrium state | + | behavior towards a limt or fixed equilibrium state is named convergence. |
| - | is named convergence. | + | |
'''Positive feedback''' means a higher output | '''Positive feedback''' means a higher output | ||
| - | of the system increases further input. | + | of the system increases further input. |
| - | or polarization in general, rapid amplification of differences, | + | Positive feedback loops are amplifying, reinforcing, and |
| - | and allows systems to convert graded, uncertain inputs into decisive, | + | enhancing. They reinforace a direction of change. |
| + | They leads to instable systems or polarization in general, | ||
| + | rapid amplification of differences, and allows systems to | ||
| + | convert graded, uncertain inputs into decisive, | ||
all-or-none outputs, see also the entries for | all-or-none outputs, see also the entries for | ||
[[Butterfly Effect]], | [[Butterfly Effect]], | ||
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=== Iteration === | === Iteration === | ||
| - | [[Iteration]] is the mathematical counterpart of feedback. | + | [[Iteration]] is the mathematical counterpart of feedback and recursion. |
Examples are a [[Cellular_Automata|CA]] or a | Examples are a [[Cellular_Automata|CA]] or a | ||
[[Random_Boolean_Network|RBN]]. | [[Random_Boolean_Network|RBN]]. | ||
